THEORIES OF WAR AND PEACE

THEORIES OF WAR AND PEACE

LECTURER: Dr Olufemi Patrick ADELUSI

  

 COURSE DESCRIPTION:

The course focuses on the main theories of War; the consequences of war and the theories of peace.

The Imperatives of search for Peace and the enduring notion of stability in Domestic and International System.

COURSE OBJECTIVES:

At the end of this course, students are expected to;

1.      Have knowledge of Definition and Classification of War.

2.      Identify and discuss existing relevant theories of Conflict and War: A Process Perspective.

3.      And Understand what are Realist Theories Of War, The Classical Balance of Power, Alliances and War, Economic Theories Of War, Theories of the Democratic Peace, The “Clash of Civilizations” (Huntington),

METHOD OF TEACHING/TEACHING AID

The method of Teaching is mostly participatory. The teacher outlines the major points of discourse on the topic. He talks to these points so outlined.   Students are encouraged to participate by raising questions. The Teaching Aid employed is the Overhead Projector where transparency containing the printer matter for the course is projected on the screen during the contact hours.

MODULE I: COURSE INTRODUCTION

Week 1: Definition and Classification of War

Week 2:  Classical Realist Theories

Week 3:  Human Nature and Instinct Theories.

MODULE II: BALANCE OF POWER THEORY

Week 4: The Classical Balance of Power

Week 5: Game-Theoretic Models of the Balance of Power

Week 6: Alliances and War.

MODULE III: INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONS, COLLECTIVE SECURITY,

                             AND PEACE

Week 7:   Theories of Regimes, Institutions, and Norms.

Week 8: Theories of Collective Security and Security Regimes.

Week 9: The Structure of Peace.

MODULE IV: ECONOMIC THEORIES OF WAR

Week 10: Classical Liberal Theories of War.

Week 11: Interdependence and War: Realist and Liberal Theories.

MODULE V: SOCIETAL-LEVEL THEORIES: THE DEMOCRATIC PEACE DEBATE

Week 12: Theories of the Democratic Peace.

(a)    Democratization and War.

(b)    Why Democracies Win Wars.

(c)     The “Clash of Civilizations” (Huntington)

Week 13: Revision

METHOD OF GRADING:

C/A Test:                              10%

Mid-Semester Exam              20%

End of Semester Exam           70%

GRAND RULES & REGULATIONS

Attendance to lectures and tutorials are compulsory for registered students. 

Students must be seated 10 minutes before the commencement of every lecture.

 Listening to Teacher as He talks to Bullet Points on the Screen.

The class copies Bullet Points on the screen.

Students are encouraged to ask questions and make observation

There will be two hours of Lectures and an hour of tutorials every week.

ALIGNMENT WITH COVENANT UNIVERSITY VISION/GOALS

The course aligns with core values of Capacity Building.

CONTEMPORARY ISSUES RELEVANCE

War against Terrorism in Afgahnistan

TOPICS FOR TERM PAPER/ASSIGNMENT

1.      Realist Theories Of War

2.      Alliances And War

3.      Power Transition Theory

4.      Territory And War

5.      Theories Of Economic Interdependence And Peace

6.      The Democratic Peace Debate

7.      Democratization And War

8.      The Diversionary Theory Of War

9.      Strategic Culture And War

10.   Learning And War

         REFERENCE TEXTS

1.      Michael W. Doyle, Ways of War and Peace. New York: W.W. Norton, 1997. Introduction.

2.      Jack S. Levy, "War and Peace." In Walter Carlsnaes, Thomas Risse, and Beth A. Simmons,eds., Handbook of International Relations. London: Sage, 2002. Pp. 350-352 only.

3.      Jack S. Levy, "The Causes of War and the Conditions of Peace." Annual Review of Political Science, 1 (1998): 139-66.

4.      Stephen M. Walt, "The Renaissance of Security Studies." International Studies Quarterly 35,2 (June 1991): 211-39.

5.      Edward A. Kolodziej, "Renaissance in Security Studies? Caveat Lector!" International Studies Quarterly 36,4 (December 1992): 421-38.

6.      Richard K. Betts, "Should Strategic Studies Survive?" World Politics 50,1 (October 1997): 7-33.

7.      Steven E. Miller, "International Security at Twenty-five: From One World to Another." International Security, 26, 1 (Summer 2001), 5-39.

8.      David A. Baldwin, "Security Studies and the End of the Cold War." World Politics 48,1 (October 1995): 117-41.

9.      David A. Baldwin, "The Concept of Security." Review of International Studies, 23 (1997): 5-26.

10.   Keith Krause and Michael C. Williams, "Broadening the Agenda of Security Studies: Politics and Methods." Mershon International Studies Review, 40,2 (October 1996): 229-54.

11.   Roland Paris, "Human Security: Paradigm Shift or Hot Air?" International Security, 26, 2 (Fall 2001), 87-102.

12.    Tusicisny, Andrej (2004). "Civilizational Conflicts: More Frequent, Longer, and Bloodier?" (PDF). Journal of Peace Research 41 (4): 485–498. Retrieved on 2007-10-03

2b. Definition and Classification of War

1.      John A. Vasquez, The War Puzzle. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993. Intro and chap. 1-2.

2.      Quincy Wright, A Study of War, 2nd ed., rev. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1965.Pp. 8-13.

3.      Bronislaw Malinowski, "An Anthropological Analysis of War." American Journal of Sociology 46 (1941): 521-50. Reprinted in Leon Bramson and George W. Goethals, eds.,War. New York: Basic Books, 1968. Pp. 245-68.

4.      Julian Lider, On the Nature of War. Westmead, England: Saxon House, 1977. Chap. 2 and pp.269-72.

5.      J. David Singer and Melvin Small, The Wages of War, 1816-1965. New York: Wiley, 1965. Chap. 1-2.

6.      Jack S. Levy, War in the Modern Great Power System, 1495-1975. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1983. Chap. 3-4 (especially pp. 50-53).

7.      John F. Guilmartin, Jr., "Ideology and Conflict: The Wars of the Ottoman Empire, 1453-1606." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 18 (Spring 1988): 721-47.

8.      Kalevi J. Holsti, The State, War, and the State of War. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Chap. 1-2.

9.      Francis A. Beer, Meanings of War and Peace. College Station: Texas A & M University Press, 2001.

2c. The Clausewitzian Paradigm

1.      Peter Paret, "Clausewitz." In Peter Paret, Makers of Modern Strategy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1976. Pp. 186-213.

2.      Clausewitz, On War, ed. and trans. by Michael Howard and Peter Paret. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1976. Book I, chap. 1-2; Book VIII, chap. 6. See also essays by Peter Paret, Michael Howard, and Bernard Brodie.

3.      Michael Howard, Clausewitz. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 1983.

4.      Raymond Aron, Clausewitz, trans. by Christine Booker and Norman Stone. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1986.

5.      Peter Paret, Clausewitz and the State. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976.

6.      Michael I. Handel, Clausewitz and Modern Strategy. London: Cass, 1986.

7.      Martin Van Creveld, The Transformation of War. New York: Free Press, 1991.

2d. Contemporary Perspectives of the Coercive Use of Force

1.      Thomas Schelling, Arms and Influence. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1966. Chap. 1.

2.      Robert J. Art, "To What Ends Military Power?" International Security 4 (Spring 1980): 3-35.

2e. Conceptions of Causation

3.      Thomas D. Cook and Donald T. Campbell, "Causal Inference and the Language of Experimentation." In Cook and Campbell, Quasi-Experimentation. New York: Rand McNally, 1979. Chap. 1.

4.      Gary King, Robert O. Keohane, and Sidney Verba. Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inquiry in Qualitative Research. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994. Chap. 3.

5.      Michael Nicholson, Causes and Consequences in International Relations: A Conceptual Study. London, Pinter, 1996.

6.      Hidemi Suganami, On the Causes of War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Chap 4.

7.      John Gerring, Social Science Methodology. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

8.      Gary Goertz and Harvey Starr, eds., Necessary Conditions: Theory, Methodology, and Applications." Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2002.

2f. Parsing the Question "What Causes War?"

       Greg Cashman, What Causes War? New York: Macmillan, 1993. Chap. 2.

2g. Human Nature and Instinct Theories

1.      Konrad Lorenz, On Aggression. New York: Harcourt, Brace, & World, 1963.

2.      Robert Ardrey, The Territorial Imperative. New York: Dell, 1966.

3.      Kenneth Waltz, Man, the State and War. New York:Columbia University Press, 1959. Chap.2

4.      Stephen D. Nelson, "Nature/Nurture Revisited I: A Review of the Biological Bases of Conflict," Journal of Conflict Resolution 18 (June 1974): 285-335.

5.      Samuel Kim, "The Lorenzian Theory of Aggression and Peace Research: A Critique." In Richard Falk and Samuel Kim, eds., The War System. Boulder: Westview, 1980. Chap. 4.

6.      R. Paul Shaw and Yuwa Wong, Genetic Seeds of Warfare: Evolution, Nationalism, and Patriotism. Boston: Unwin Hyman, 1989.

7.      Albert Somit, "Humans, Chimps, and Bonobos: The Biological Bases of Aggression, War, and Peacemaking." Journal of Conflict Resolution 34 (September 1990): 553-82.

8.      Leonard Berkowitz, "Biological Roots: Are Humans Inherently Violent?" In Betty Glad, ed., Psychological Dimensions of War. Beverly Hills: Sage, 1990. Pp. 24-40.

9.      Robert A. Hinde, "Aggression and War: Individuals, Groups, and States." In Tetlock, et. al., Behavior, Society, and International Conflict, vol. III. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. Chap. 1.

10.   Richard Wrangham and Dale Peterson, Demonic Males: Apes and the Origins of Human Violence. Boston: Houghton Mifflin/Mariner Books, 1996.

11.   Stuart A. Bremer, "Advancing the Scientific Study of War." In Stuart A. Bremer and Thomas R. Cusack, eds., The Process of War: Advancing the Scientific Study of War. Luxembourg: Gordon and Breach, 1995. Chap. 1.

12.   Tusicisny, Andrej (2004). "Civilizational Conflicts: More Frequent, Longer, and Bloodier?" (PDF). Journal of Peace Research 41 (4): 485–498. Retrieved on 2007-10-03